Statistical modelling of social risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among female youths in Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are avertable, but the social risks factors connected to these infections are often unnoticed by many, particularly female youths. Previous studies on STDs among youths in Nigeria only focused on its risk factors but failed to model these risk factors as evidenced in this study.METHODOLOGY:The study is retrospective cross-sectional in design which utilized Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2008. It focused on female youths aged 15-24 (n=8093) who ever had sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral and anal). Data analysis was done using Chi-square and logistic regression models. The logistic regression on the data was performed at two stages. These stages generated three and eight different models respectively.RESULTS:Data analyses revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 20.2 ± 2.5. Female youths who were aged between 20-24 years contacted STDs in the last 12 months (2.5%) than those between the ages of 15-19 months (1.4%). A year prevalence of STDs among female youths in Nigeria was 2.1%. Socio-demographic factors such as age, educational status, wealth index, marital status, toilet shared, place of residence, contraceptive use and total life-time number of sexual partners were found to be associated significant risk factors for contacting STDs (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The data confirmed the considerable impact of wealth index and contraceptive use as important predictors of STDs acquisition. Constant use of condoms, abstinence and having one uninfected sexual partner can help reduce the risk of STDs transmission

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Attending Antenatal Care in Tete Province; Mozambique

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and syphilis in pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending antenatal care clinics (ANCs). Blood samples were tested for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and treponemal haemaggluti- nation (TPHA) tests; CT and NG were diagnosed using a manual polymerase chain reaction assay on first-void urine samples. A socio-demographic questionnaire was completed. Results were compared with previous published data on sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence in Mozambique. Results. Blood and urine samples were collected from 1 119 and 835 women; respectively. The prevalence of CT was 4.1; and that of NG 2.5. The RPR test was positive in 5.2of the women; and 7.1had a positive TPHA test. Active syphiliswas found in 4.7. In univariate analysis; CT was associated with having had any level of education (p0.05); reactive RPR and TPHA were associated with illiteracy (p0.05); and TPHA was associated with age 25. Multivariate analysis did not show any significant association. In comparisonwith published data from 1993; a decline was observed for CT (p0.05); NG and syphilis (p0.001). Conclusions. Compared with available data; a decline of STI prevalence was observed in our setting. This might be the result of community-based education programmes focusing on changes to sexual behaviour; as well as the widespread use of the syndromic approach to managing STIs and the expansion of syphilis screening in primary health care settings. However; STI rates are still high; and the problem needs more concrete and sustained efforts for its control

Etude prospective des infections sexuellement transmissibles a Dakar

"Notre etude menee de janvier a decembre 2001 au centre de reference des IST avait les objectifs suivants : determiner le profil epidemiologique des hommes consultant pour une IST symptomatique au centre de reference pour les IST a l'IHS (Institut d'hygiene sociale) ; decrire les signes cliniques des IST ; proposer des recommandations en vue d'ameliorer la prise en charge medicale des patients presentant une IST. Notre etude a concerne 100 hommes consultant pour une IST symptomatique auxquels un questionnaire standardise etait administre. Un examen clinique complet surtout urogenital et des prelevements sanguins et genitaux etaient effectues au laboratoire national de reference des IST. Les donnees de l'etude ont montre sur le plan sociodemographique : un age moyen de 25 ans; une proportion de 52de celibataires. Le niveau d'education etait bas (etudes primaires dans 37des cas et etudes secondaires chez 27) ; cependant 12des hommes avaient un niveau d'etude superieur. Ils etaient majoritairement de l'ethnie wolof residant a Dakar et sa banlieue et travaillaient dans le secteur informel (commercants; artistes; tailleurs; chauffeurs; navigateurs). Des antecedents d'IST etaient retrouves chez 37d'entre eux a type d'ecoulement genital (34) ou d'ulceration genitale (3). Les autres donnees retrouvees etaient les suivantes : 51des hommes avaient des rapports sexuels occasionnels dont 31avec des prostituees; 34avaient plus de 2 partenaires au moment de l'etude. L'ecoulement uretral a Neisseria gonorrhae etait de loin le tableau le plus frequent (52). L'ulceration genitale etait plus rare retrouvee chez 13 patients. La serologie syphilitique positive chez 8 d'entre eux suggere que la syphilis en etait la cause la plus frequente. Les autres IST etaient beaucoup plus rares : condylomes (3 cas); balanite (2 cas); maladie de Nicolas-Favre (1 cas) et de syphilis secondaire (1 cas). La serologie retrovirale etait positive chez 4des hommes. Les caracteristiques epidemiologiques de nos patients ne differents pas tellement de celles rapportees dans la litterature. Cependant; il est interessant de noter une part non negligeable de la prostitution clandestine dans le mode de contamination des IST; une mauvaise prise en charge des IST par les agents sanitaires aupres de qui la consultation initiale s'est effectuee; une mauvaise disponibilite des medicaments utilises dans le traitement des IST au niveau de la pharmacie ""IB"" (initiative de Bamako) du centre de Sante et enfin une mauvaise utilisation du preservatif par les patients atteint d'une IST."

HIV and sexually transmitted infections among women presenting at urban primary health care clinics in two cities of sub-saharan Africa

In a cross-sectional study; 786 consenting women from two cities in Africa; Harare and Moshi; attending primary health care clinics were interviewed; examined and tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of the study was to assess and compare differences in the characteristics that may affect the prevalence of HIV/STIs among women in the two cities. Multivariate analysis was used to generate odds ratio. STIs and behaviour characteristics among this low risk group of women could not fully explain the higher HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe; 29.3 compared to 11.5 in Tanzania (p 0.01). Interventions should target identified risk factors with particular attention to youths

Le rendement épidemiologique au dispensaire antivenerien (DAV) de l'institut national d'hygiene publique (INHP) de Treichville

Pendant une periode de 5 mois; s'est effectuee une enquete au Dispensaire Antivenerien de l'Institut National d'Hygiene Publique (INHP) Abidjan (RC) pour evaluer le rendement epidemiologique au cours des consultations MST. Voici les resultats obtenus sur les 500 dossiers recueillis: 88 contacts sexuels ont ete retrouves soit un rendement epidemiologique de 21pour cent ; 412 patients consultants spontanes avec une predominance des patients : provenant de Yopougon (23pour cent); celibataires (65pour cent); de sexe masculin (57pour cent); d'age compris entre 20 et 29 ans avec une moyenne de 29 ans;exercant un petit metier (51pour cent); de niveau secondaire (46) ou superieur (29pour cent); ayant des comportements sonda i risque et un antecedent d'uretrite (68pour cent); souffrant d'uretrite a Neisseria gonorrhoeae (31pour cent); Les contacts sexuels retrouves sont a predominance feminine (70pour cent) ayant le meme profil epidemiologique que leurs partenaires et presentant une vaginite a Candida albicans (20pour cent) ; Il ressort de cette etude que l'insuffisance de l'IEC et le cout eleve de la prise en charge des MST constituent les principales causes du faible rendement epidemiologique

Les aspects epidemiologiques des maladies sexuellement transmissibles (MST) dans le service de dermato-venerologie du CHU-Tokoin Lome

Une etude retrospective; sur dossiers de patients vus en cinq ans de consultation dans le service de dermato-venereologie du CHU-Tokoin; a ete menee afin de determiner le profil epidemiologique des MST. 587 patients sur 6.600 consultants pendant cette periode (soit 8;98 pour cent) avaient une MST. Les condylomes viennent en tete (43;9 pour cent); suivis du chancre mou (17 pour cent); de la gonococcie (10;9 pour cent); de la syphilis (8;7 pour cent); de l'herpes genital (6;1 pour cent). Le sexe-ratio est de 6;23 pour cent. 89 pour cent de nos patients ont moins de 34 ans. Les eleves et les etudiants; et les couches defavorisees (ouvriers et sans emploi) sont les plus atteints (67;50 pour cent). Les MST sont plus frequentes aux mois de septembre et janvier

Approche epidemioloque des maladies sexuellement transmissibles de la femme noire a Kinshasa

L'auteur fait une synthese de la prevalence de certaines M.S.T. a Kinshasa en se referant egalement aux taux constates ailleurs en Afrique et dans d'autres pays en developpement. Quelques M.S.T. ont fait l'objet de l'etude en raison soit de leur frequence soit de leurs effets nocifs sur la sante reproductive de la femme. Il s'agit de plusieurs pathologies dont les techniques de diagnostic ainsi que les modalites therapeutiques ont ete relatees

The epidemiology and management of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis

Organization of special venereology clinics in many developing countries; including Nigeria; as a means of controlling sexually transmitted diseases in these countries. The epidemiology; and especially the bihavioural determinants of these diseases; are so varied; even within the same country; that such clinics alone may not be enough or even contribute significantly to the control of these diseases. This study of the epidemiology and treatment patterns of the STDs in Maiduguri in North Eastern Nigeria shows that in spite of the availibility of two special treatment (STD) clinics in the town; only a very small percentage (0.8 percent) of the patients in that city are seen in these clinics. Some of the social and health management factors responsible for this attendance pattern are identified and discussed in the study

The association of genital ulcer disease and HIV infection at a dermatology-STD clinic in Uganda

At Mulago Hospital in Kampala; Uganda; 270 consecutive patients at the dermatology and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were enrolled in a study to evaluate the association of clinical STD syndromes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Female patients became sexually active earlier than male patients and were younger at marriage. Persons with a history of an STD during the preceding 5 years were more likely to be HIV infected (43pc) than those without such a history (26pc; OR 2.08; 95pc C.I. 1.17; 3.73). Examination at the time of the visit demonstrated an association between genital ulcers and HIV infection in male and female patients (OR 2.21; 95pc C.I. 1.08; 4.53; and OR 8.54; 95pc C.I. 1.45; 87.55; respectively) but no association between HIV and urethritis or vaginal discharge. The etiologic fraction for HIV infection of genital ulcers was 0.218. Men with a history of contact with prostitutes were more likely to be HIV infected than those without contact (50pc versus 28pc; p less than 0.05); but once controlled for STDs; this relationship was no longer significant. This study confirms other studies from East Africa that have shown a relationship between genital ulcers and HIV infection. This finding; in the presence of no association between other STD syndromes and HIV infection; suggests that genital ulcers may be truly associated with HIV infection rather than a marker of high-risk activities

Seroprevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) in a Rural Ugandan Community

Introduction: Reliable information on prevalence and incidence of STD in general populations is relevant for AIDS/STD control strategies but difficults to obtain. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence and incidence of STD and their association with HIV-1 serostatus; in a rural community in SW Uganda. Methods: 294 adult (ages 13+) residents of 2 neighboring villages provided blood specimen at enrolment and after 12 months. Both specimens were tested for anti-bodies (Ab) against HIV-1; T-.pallidum (tp); H. ducreyi (Hd); C.trachomatis (Ct) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Results: Seroprevalence rates for HIV-1; Tp; Hd were between 8-11; and around 67for Ct and HSV-2. HIV - Ab peaked in those aged 25-34; Tp-Ab showed no age trend; reactivity for Hd; Ct and HSV-2 increased steeply from 155 at age 15-16 to nearly 100at age 24-25. HIV-1 prevalence was 3.8in those not reactive for any other STD; 7.4in those 1-2 STD; and 19.2with 3-4 STD X2 for linear trend 5.2; P